Dermatitis is a general term used to describe a group of common conditions presenting as itchy inflammation of the skin. The term eczema is often used interchangeably with dermatitis, although theoretically eczema refers to atopic eczema. Dermatitis/eczema is a common condition that affects up to 30% of the Australian population at some time during their life. There are a variety of clinical types and causes of dermatitis.
Dermatitis results in skin that is red, itchy, scaly, crusty or weepy. Sometimes the skin can form painful cracks or blisters. When dermatitis has been present for a longer time (chronic dermatitis) the skin can become thickened, leathery and be darker red or purple in colour. Sometimes infection can also be present, complicating the condition.
There are many different types of dermatitis, and it is possible to have more than one type in the same person. For example, a person with atopic dermatitis may have their usual dermatitis on the elbows or knees triggered by heat. The same person may also develop allergic contact dermatitis on their eyelids to fragrances in hair spray. They may also develop perioral dermatitis from using a heavy night cream around the mouth.
Examples of specific types of eczema/dermatitis include: atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, discoid eczema, pompholyx (dyshidrotic) eczema, venous eczema, perioral dermatitis and xerotic eczema. Further information on these subtypes can be found at https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/atoz/dermatitis-eczema/
There are many different causes of dermatitis, and they depend on the particular type of dermatitis a person has. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as irritants and allergens, play a role in dermtitis. Medications, stress and certain foods can also trigger or contribute to cases of dermatitis.
Treatment of dermatitis can be thought of in two categories:
General skin care measures
Treatment of flare-ups
If your dermatitis is suspected to have been triggered by something in your environment, your dermatologist will discuss this with you. If your dermatitis is more severe or affects you long term, you may require tablets or light therapy.
In many cases, dermatitis is a chronic condition: there is no perfect cure, and treatment is aimed at preventing or minimising flare-ups.
Dermatitis usually responds well to appropriate treatment. Depending on the cause and severity of your dermatitis, it can take several weeks to improve. The best results require patience, and occur with consistent treatment.
General skin care measures are best continued long term. The duration of using medicated creams will be guided by your location, type and severity of eczema. Your dermatologist will discuss the time frames and best suited treatment methods with you during your appointment.
